CONTROLLED DIGITAL LENDING: LEGAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL CONTEXTS, PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES FOR LIBRARIES
Teresa Święćkowska
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-5600
Afiliacja: Faculty of Journalism, Information and Book Studies University of Warsaw, Polska
Abstrakt
Thesis/Purpose of the article – The article examines the concept of Controlled Digital Lending (CDL) which applies the principles of traditional physical book lending to the online lending of digitized works. It also discusses the practices of Polish libraries engaging with this model. Method – The study is based on a critical review of international literature on CDL and an examination of digital lending practices in Poland. Digital lending is discussed in the broader context of mass digitization and the challenges of providing access to the heritage of twentieth-century publishing. Conclusions – The article outlines the legal frameworks relevant to digital lending in the United States where the concept of CDL originated as well as in the European Union. Regarding the latter, particular attention is given to the 2016 CJEU ruling in the VOB case and its interpretation. The study demonstrates that in both the US and the EU – including Poland – the absence of clear legal regulations concerning digital lending poses a barrier for libraries striving to ensure digital access to the publishing output of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
Bibliografia
Darnton, R. (2011). The Digital Public Library of America: The idea and its im-plementation. Proceedings of the Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Universi-ty Libraries. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314873
De Angelis, D. (2025). (i)SDL Insight Digital Lending pathways in Italy, Poland, and Spain - Final Report. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15805696
Depozyt Biblioteczny (n.d.). Oferta dla twojej biblioteki. https://depozytbiblioteczny.pl/#for-library
Dusollier, S. (2014). A manifesto for an e-lending limitation in copyright. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law, 5(3), 213–229.
EBLIDA. (2023) Handbook of Comparative E-Lending Policies in European Public Libraries. EBLIDA EGIL, April 2023. https://eblida.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Full-version-EBLIDA-Handbook-of-comparative-e-lending-policies-in-Europe-2023.pdf
Frigeri, M., Kretschmer, M., & Mezei, P. (2024). Copyright and eLending in public libraries: An incomplete revolution? JIPITEC, 15, 156–179.
Giblin, R., & Weatherall, K. (2022). Taking control of the future: Towards workable elending. In J. Coates, V. Owen, & S. Reilly, Navigating copyright for libraries: Purpose and scope . De Gruyter Saur, pp. 351–377.
Gliściński, K. (2024). Towards e-Lending by Libraries. Gdańskie Studia Prawnicze, 65 (4), 168–178.
Gliściński, K. (2025). eBooks and Secure Digital Lending in European Libraries. Com-parative Analysis under National and International Law. Centrum Cyfrowe, Future Law Lab.
Hansen, D., Taylor, T., & Lewis, M. (2024). Interview: Deciphering the law: Ha-chette v. Internet Archive Pt. 1 (2023) with Dave Hansen. Journal of Copyright in Education, 7(2), 1–16. https://10.17161/jcel.v7i2.21337.
Internet Archive. (n.d.-a). Internet Archive Projects. https://archive.org/projects/ [accessed: 27.03.2025].
Internet Archive. (n.d.-b). Why are so many books listed as ‘Borrow Unavailable’ at The Internet Ar-chive. https://help.archive.org/help/why-are-so-many-books-listed-as-borrow-unavailable-at-the-internet-archive/[accessed: 9.04.2024].
Jones, E.A. (2014). Constructing the universal library. University of Washington. Available in the University of Washington repository. https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstreams/33763c06-ea89-4d8f-b390-1d490dfc7d72/download [accessed: 7.03.2025].?
Kahle, B. (2016). Transforming our libraries into digital libraries: A?digital book for every physical book in our libraries.?
Kahle, B. (2016). Transforming our libraries into digital libraries: A digital book for every physical book in our libraries. Library Leaders Forum Discussion Document, October 2016. https://ia801406.us.archive.org/16/items/TransformingourLibrariesintoDigitalLibra-ries102016/TransformingourLibrariesintoDigitalLibraries-10-2016.pdf [accessed: 27.03.2025].
Kahle, B., & Parejo Vadillo, A. (2015). The Internet Archive: An interview with Brewster Kahle. 19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 2015(21). https://doi.org/10.16995/ntn.76
Legimi. (2025). Jednostkowy oraz skonsolidowany raport roczny za rok 2024. 21 marca 2025 roku (Individual and consolidated annual report for the year 2024. March 21, 2025). https://www.legimi.pl/relacje-inwestorskie/raporty-legimi/
Marcum, D., & Schonfeld, R.C. (2021). Along came Google: A history of library digiti-zation. Princeton University Press.
Kalb, F. (2023). Quo vadis, Onleihe? Ein Rück- und Ausblick aus Rheinland-
-Pfalz. Bibliotheksdienst 2023; 57(12), 641–655.
Markiewicz, R. (2018). Ilustrowane prawo autorskie. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.
Mercanti, F. (2023). Hachette v. Internet Archive. JLIS.It, 15(1), 86–108.
Open Libraries. (nd). Join Open Libraries, Internet Archive, http://openlibraries.online/join/ [accessed: 9.04.2025].
Position Statement on Controlled Digital Lending by Libraries. (2018). https://controlleddigitallending.org/statement/
Rimmer, M. (2022). The Internet Archive and the National Emergency Library: Copyright law and COVID-19. Laws, 11(5), 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11050079
Vieira, S. (2020). Conversations: The Open Libraries Project – Interview with Chris Freeland. Library Trends, 46(3), 224–226.
Szczepańska, B. (2016). Użyczenie książki cyfrowej jest porównywalne z użyczeniem książki tradycyjnej – opinia rzecznika generalnego w sprawie C-174/15. (Lending a digital book is comparable to lending a traditional book – opinion of the Advocate General in case C-174/15.) EBIB, 4(116).
Święćkowska, T. (2022). E-booki w bibliotekach publicznych w Polsce. Wyniki badań wstępnych. Przegląd Biblioteczny 90(2), 170–190.
Święćkowska, T. (2019). Wyjątki od prawa autorskiego na rzecz nauki w kontekście technologii cyfrowych. Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej–Studia Informacyjne, 2 (114), 97–109.
Wu, M.M. (2011). Building a collaborative digital collection: A necessary evolution in libraries. Law Library Journal, 103, 527–551.
Wu, M.M. (2024). Hachette v. Internet Archive: How and why the courts broke copyright. Georgetown Universi-ty. https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3646&context=facpub [accessed: 9.04.2025].
Xu, Q., Lin, L., & Wu, X. (2021). Implementing controlled digital lending with Google Drive and Apps Script: A case study at the NYU Shanghai Libra-ry.International Journal of Librarianship, 6(1), 37–54.
Pang, X. (2022). “Controlled digital lending: Past emergency implementation led to future exploration.” Journal of Access Services, 19(4), 154–166.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-5600
Afiliacja: Faculty of Journalism, Information and Book Studies University of Warsaw, Polska
Biogram:
Teresa Święćkowska is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Journalism, Information and Book Studies, University of Warsaw. She teaches copyright and ethics in library practice. Her research interests include the history of copyright, libraries, and reading culture, among others.
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Autor składa oświadczenie o oryginalności przesłanego tekstu, a w umowie wydawniczej przenosi na rzecz Wydawcy nieodpłatnie majątkowe prawa autorskie w zakresie jednorazowego opublikowania dzieła.
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Uznanie autorstwa - Użycie niekomercyjne - Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe
